Widely hailed as the grund norm, the Constitution always plays a pivotal role in the arena of public policy and law-making. The values enshrined in it such as the fundamental rights, independent judiciary, rule of law, etc. have invigorated the quality of life of the citizens and constantly kept the rulers on their toes. The relevance of Constitutional and Administrative Law, in this regard, hardly needs an eulogy. In fact, it is an area, pursued in legal circles, with great reverence since a long time.

The Specialization is designed to serve the inquisitive academic minds to take the field to its logical conclusion. Towards this end, it contains various papers including Fundamental Rights, Centre-State Relations, Administrative Law, Media, Health and Education Law, etc.

As one of the top law schools in India, the School of Law of CHRIST (Deemed to be University) offers LLM program as per the UGC guidelines. This program incorporates a rich array of law courses, seminars, experiential learning opportunities, and special events. 

Our distinguished faculty and administration have established ties with various international, governmental, and non-governmental organizations in India and abroad.

This program has a flexible curriculum offering several options in each specialization. Students have the option of selecting their specialization and their area of interest. In addition, each student is encouraged to write a publishable thesis and gain practical experience through internships and other training programs.

Programme Outcome/Programme Learning Goals/Programme Learning Outcome:

PO3.1: Critical Thinking, Legal Reasoning and Research Skills

PO3.3: Articulate and communicate effectively while teaching.

Programme Specific Outcome:

PSO2: Interpret and analyze the laws relating to constitutional governance and administration and respond to the contemporary legal and policy making challenges.

·         CIA I – Test/ Assignment                                 – 10%

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                – 25%

·         CIA III – MOOC Course/ Assignment           – 10%

·         Attendance                                                          – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                              – 50%

                                                                        TOTAL 100%

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to undertake a comparative analysis of the growth of public law, structure of governments and polities, legislative process, fundamental rights and the role of the judiciary in USA, UK and France in order to have a better understanding and assessment of the public law principles, practices and institutional mechanisms that work the polity in India

History and rationale for study of comparative public law -

                            Evolution of public law - ancient to modern - distinguished from Private law

                            Concepts of public law - Rule of law - Separation of powers - Sovereignty  

Accountability and liability of state - transparency - right to information - Sovereign immunity - restorative & compensatory justice

Presidential, parliamentary and hybrid systems - distinctive features - comparison and advantages - powers of the president - Prime minister - the parliament - pattern of relationships - Comparative evaluation.

Federal & Unitary form of state - characteristics, differences & advantages - Distribution of powers - legislative, administrative and financial - Legislative process – executive law making - The amendment process

Evolution of fundamental rights- civil rights legislations - equality provisions - approaches to affirmative action.

Organisation of the judiciary - issues of judicial independence - appointment - terms of service and removal - Tribunalisation of justice – an evaluation - Ambit of judicial review - Enforcement of fundamental rights - Public interest litigation.

2. Brandt, E.M.; An Introduction to Constitutional Law; Oxford University Press

3. Bernard Schwartz Commentary on American Constitution

4. Bhagwan Vishnoo, Bhushan Vidya, World Constitutions

5. Cane, Peter; Administrative Law; Oxford University Press

6. Dauglus W.O, Studies in Indian and American Constitutional Law.

7. E.S.Venkataramaiah, Federalism Comparative Study

8. Finer, S.E.; Comparative Government; Penguin Books

2. Jain, M.P.; Indian Constitutional Law; LexisNexis

3. K.C.Wheare, Modern Constitutions.

4. Loughlin, Martin; The Idea of Public Law; Oxford University Press

5. Mason and Beany, American Constitutional law

6. Rodney Brazier, Constitutional Practice.

7. Rotunda and Nowak, Treatise on American Constitution.

8. Singh, M. P.; V.N Shukla’s Constitution of India; Eastern Book Company

9. Tom Ginsburg, Rosalind Dixon, Comparative Constitutional Law

10. Elisabeth Zoller, Introduction to Public Law – a Comparative Study, Brill

• CIA I – Class Test / Assignment / Presentation – 10%

• CIA II – Mid Semester Examination – 25%

• CIA III – Research Topic – 10%

• Attendance – 05%

• End Semester Examination – 50%

TOTAL 100%

The first unit deals with the meaning, nature and evolution of fundamental rights; preamble of the Constitution; meaning of ‘State’ under Article 12; the concept of judicial review and constitutionality of statutes. Second unit deliberates on the right to equality and its various dimensions along with idea of reservation through significant case laws. The third unit will explain and examine the various facets of the ‘right to freedom’; ‘rights of accused persons’; ‘protection of life and personal liberty’ and ‘religious and minority rights’,  and  The fourth unit analyses the underlying philosophy of Directive Principles of State Policy and its relation to Fundamental Rights. It seeks to explore the interdependence between the two. 

Objectives:

1.      To explain the history and philosophy behind the evolution of fundamental rights.

  2.      Explain and analyse the ‘right to equality’;

  3.      Examine the reach and ambit of ‘right to freedom’;

  4.      Examine the meaning and scope of ‘life and liberty’;

  5.      Demonstrate an understanding of ‘rights of accused persons’;

  6.      Examine the scope of ‘right to religion’ and ‘minority rights’;

  7.      Examine the philosophy of DPSP and its relationship with fundamental rights 

Evolution of Fundamental Rights, impact of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Constitutions of other countries on fundamental rights

 Concepts of Fundamental Rights, Bill of Rights, Natural rights and Human Rights

   Preamble of the Constitution and its implication with reference to                                                        Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties

Definition of State under Art.12, 13 - Inviolability of Fundamental Rights

Doctrine of Waiver, Doctrine of Severability, Doctrine of Eclipse, scope of definition of law under Art.13.

2.1.           Relationship between Art 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18

2.2.          Doctrine of Classification, Doctrine of Arbitrariness, Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation, Wends bury Principle

2.3.           Prohibited grounds for discrimination (Art.15); special provisions relating to women; protective discrimination in favor of Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; Development of case law

2.4.          Equality of Opportunity in the matters of public employment, reservations in public employment, residence as prerequisite for employment

2.5.           Untouchability, Abolition of Titles

3.1.            Six fundamental freedoms under Art.19 and reasonable restrictions Art 19 (2) to (6); test to determine the reasonableness of restrictions; whether restriction includes deprivation and prohibition

3.2.            Rights of accused; Doctrine of ex-post -facto law; Doctrine of Double Jeopardy; privilege against self-incrimination.

3.3.            Protection of life and personal liberty; right to education; safeguards against ordinary arrest and preventive detention; right against exploitation.

3.4.            Ambit of religious freedom, cultural and educational rights

3.5.            Right to Constitutional remedies; Fundamental Rights vis-à-vis armed forces.

3.6.            Martial Law and Armed Forces Special Powers Act  

3.7.            Religious and Minority Rights

4.1.            Relative importance of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and Fundamental   Rights

4.2.            Nature of Directive Principles of State Policy, Justifiability of Directive Principles of State Policy

4.3.            Social security and welfare provisions under Directive Principles of State Policy; economic rights

4.4.            Directive Principles of State Policy that were read into Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Duties – evolution, relationship between Fundamental Rights and Duties

2.      V.N.Shukla , Constitution of India

3.      Subhash C Jain, The Constitution of India

4.      M. Hidayatullah (Ed.), Constitution of India

5.      M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law

6.      Subba Rao G C V, Indian Constitutional Law

7.      Pande G S, Constitutional Law of India

8.      Saharay H K, Constitution of India

9.           Pylee M.V, Our Constitution, government & politics

10.       Tope T K, Constitutional Law of India

Sujit Choudhry (ed.), Madhav Khosla (ed.),and Pratap Bhanu Mehta (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution

Samaraditya Pal, India’s Constitution – Origins and Evolution (Vols 1 to 3)

D.D. Basu, Commentaries on Constitutional Law of India, Vol. 1 to 7 

The course aims at giving the students an insight into the federal structure as envisaged in the Constitution of India and focuses upon educating them about the Legislative, Administrative and Financial relations between the Centre and the States.

The Course is divided into Seven Units.

Unit-1 aims at familiarizing the students about the historical background of and the nature of federalism in India.  It also gives an understanding of the different forms of Governments. Further, it enables the students to understand the judicial perspective of the Indian federalism.

 Unit-2 gives the students an insight into the Legislative relations between the Union and the States. It also helps the students to understand the principles of interpretation of various lists and the doctrines in relation thereto.

 Unit-3 aims at making the students understand the Administrative relations between the Centre and States in India.

 Unit-4 aims to give the students an insight into the financial relations between the Union and the States in India. The students shall also be introduced to the role of finance commissions in the Centre- State relationship.  Students will also be introduced to the borrowing powers and cooperative federalism.

Unit-5 gives an insight into the freedom of inter-state trade and commerce.

Unit-6 aims to acquaint the students understand the various provisions in the Constitution with regard to the Services under the Union and the States.

Unit-7 aims at familiarizing the students with the various Emergency provisions in the Constitution of India and the relationship between the Centre and States during emergency.

Course Objectives:

1.  To give the students an insight into the federal structure as envisaged in Constitution of India.

2. To give them an understanding of the basic concepts, principles and the judicial doctrines in relation thereto.

3. To provide an understanding of the Legislative, Administrative and Financial relations between the Centre and the States.

4. To enable them analyze and evaluate the working of the Centre-State Relations.

5. To explore the contemporary legal developments in the field of Centre-State relations.

6. To enhance their researching and writing skills on the topics of Centre-State Relations.

Learning Outcome: At the end of this Unit the students will be able to understand the historical background and the nature of federalism in India.  Students will be able to discuss the different forms of Governments and explain the features and the distincition between them. Students will be in a position to trace the historical background of federalism in India. Further, it enables the students to understand the judicial perspective over the Indian federalism.

1.1.       Introduction to the Constitution of India

1.2.       Constitutional law---Constitutionalism

1.3.       Introduction to the concept of Federalism

1.4.       Historical evolution of federal features in India

1.5.       Different forms of Governments-Unitary, Federal and Confederation, their features, merits, de-merits and distinction between them         

1.6.       Nature of Indian Federalism –Dominant features of the Union over the States

1.7.       Judicial Perspective over the Indian federalism

Learning Outcome: At the end of this Unit students will be able to discuss the legislative relations between the Union and   the States.   It shall help the students to understand the principles of interpretation of various lists and the doctrines in relation thereto.

2.1 Doctrine of Territorial Nexus

2.2. Scheme of distribution of legislative powers between Union and States

2.3. Principles of interpretation of lists- Doctrine of Pith and Substance; Doctrine of Colorable Legislation; Doctrine of harmonious construction; Ancillary legislation

2.4. Residuary Powers

2.5. Parliament’s power to legislate on the State List

2.6. Inconsistency between laws passed by Parliament and State legislature

 Learning Outcome:  On completion of this Unit the students will be able to discuss the administrative relations between the Centre and States in India.

3.1 Distribution of executive powers

3.2. Inter-governmental delegation of powers

3.3. Centre’s directive to State &other Constitutional provisions

3.4. All India services

3.5. Co-operative federalism; disputes relating to waters, Inter-State Council

Learning outcome: At the end of this Unit the students  will be able to discuss the financial relations between the Union and the States in India.  The students will also be able to explain the role of finance commissions in the Centre- State relationship.  Students will also understand the borrowing powers and cooperative federalism.

4.1 Introduction to Allocation of taxing powers-Central taxes, State Taxes, Concurrent Taxes, No tax outside the tax entries

4.2. Funds-Consolidated and Contingency funds

4.3. Public Accounts

4.4. Tax and Fees

4.5. Restrictions on taxing powers

4.6. Inter-Government Tax immunities

4.7. Tax-sharing

4.8. Grants-Grants-in-lieu; Grants-in-aids; Specific Purpose Grants

4.9. Finance Commissions

4.10. Borrowing Powers

Learning Outcome: At the end of this Unit the students will be able to explain and discuss the freedom of Trade and commerce.

 5.1 Introduction to Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse

5.2 Regulatory and Compensatory Tax

5.3 Restrictions on Freedom of Trade and Commerce – Parliament’s Power to regulate trade and commerce in public interest; States power to regulate trade and commerce; Savings of existing laws

    Learning Outcome: On completion of this Unit aims to help the students discuss the various provisions of the Constitution with regard to the Services under the Union and the States.

      6.1  Recruitment and Regulations of Conditions of Services

      6.2  Doctrine of Pleasure-Restrictions on Doctrine of Pleasure

      6.3  Constitutional Safeguards to Civil Servants

      6.4  Public Service commission-Appointment of Member of Public service commission

      6.5. Functions of Public Service Commission

Learning Outcome: On completion of this Unit the students will be able to explain and discuss the various emergency provisions in the Constitution of India and the relationship between the Centre and States during emergency.                               

7.1  National Emergency

7.2  State Emergency

7.3  Financial Emergency

1. Federalism In India, Benjamin N. Schoenfeld, Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/42743497

2. Federalism : A Conceptual Analysis,  S. A. Paleker,  The Indian Journal Of Political Science, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr.- June, 2006), Pp. 303-310,  Indian Political Science Association, Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/41856217

3. United In Diversity? Asymmetry In Indian Federalism,Louise Tillin, Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/4624781

4. Coalition Government And Federal System In India, M.G. Khan Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/41855780

5, The Nature Of Indian Federalism: A Critique, H. M. Rajashekara,Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/2645661

6. The Indian Union And Emergency Powers, Krishna K. Tummala, Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/1601275

7. Finance Commission In A Federal Set-Up,Vinod Vyasulu,  Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/4404650

8. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar And Making Of The Constitution: A Case Study Of Indian Federalism, K. H. Cheluva Raju,Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/41855548

9. Ramaswamy R. Iyer, Inter-State Water Disputes Act 1956: Difficulties And Solutions, Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/4412360

10. Federalism And Water Resources, Ramaswamy R. Iyer,Http://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/4400999

11. Ga.Akerlof,Centre-Statefiscalrelations In India -Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/29794022‎

12. H. M. Rajasekhara, The Nature Of Indian Federalism: A Critique -Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/2645661‎

13. Balveer Arora, India’s Experience With Federalism: Lessons Learnt And Unlearnt, Www.Uni-Bielefeld.De/Midea/Pdf/Balveer.Pdf‎

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                  – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

                                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

The objective of studying of Administrative law is to understand nature of the administration and the role of law.  Earlier, the functions of the state were so defused and were dealing with sporadic issues such as policing and protection from external aggression. There is a sea change in the philosophy of governance of the state and there is a paradigm shift from laissez faire to welfare state. The welfare state is now to show concern for every issue of the subjects almost from cradle to grave. It proliferates into every aspect of life. The three wings of the state established under the Constitution functions to ensure welfare of the subjects. There is an unprecedented rise in state intervention in an individual’s (whether citizen or non-citizen) life. The Executive play a vital role in administration of state. It is to execute the decisions of the other two wings of the state besides functioning independently. Therefore, the functions of it have increased manifold and continue to increase further. Thus, there has been increase in scope for accumulation of power and functions which has the tendency to corrupt. On the other hand, the legislature functions only for a limited period. It has limited its role to perform formative role and delegate rule making power to the executive. Further, the executive is to play the role of the judiciary inter alia due to piling up of cases and technically different matters paving the way for constitution of special judicial cum administrative bodies called Tribunals. Thus, there is manifold increase in the affairs of the executive and the scope for arbitrary and whimsical exercise of power.  But, equally significant is the role of the ensuring administration of justice even in the parallel systems being developed in the form of administration besides the traditional institutions. In this scenario, to ensure the effective functioning of the wings of the state and other instrumentalities of the executive within the umbrella of the Constitution there has been evolution of the subject of study namely, the Administrative Law.

Therefore, administrative law has evolved into a separate branch of law taking into its fold complex and intricate issues and exercise of fundamental principles of law and justice. Its rapid growth in the 20th century is regarded as the most significant development in the field of law. It deals with the adjective form of the legal framework governing public administration and the principles to control executive power to avoid arbitrariness.

1.1.       Evolution, definition, nature, scope and significance of Administrative Law in various system of governance from ancient to modern.   Development of Administrative law in USA, UK and India, and Droit Administratiff and Conseild’etat in France.           

1.2.       Constitutional dimensions of administrative law and its relationship, Role of administrative law in welfare state and relationship between constitutional and administrative law.

1.3.       Rule of law and separation of powers.

1.4.       Classification of power, delegation of legislative power and control.

1.5.      Read Light theory, Green Light theory and Amber light theory.

2.1.         2.1  Evolution and significance of principle of Natural justice

2.2.         2.2.   Right to fair hearing – audi alteram partem – Administrative cases – statutory hearing- reasoned decision and its exceptions .:         nemojudex in causa sua -Rule against bias , Kinds of bias and exceptions

2.3.         2.3.   Administrative Discretionary power – definition, its scope, nature and relevance in the present day context, with the support of right to information Act, 2005.use, misuse, abuse and non-use of discretionary power.

2.4.            2.4.Judicial control over Administrative Discretionary power – Retention, Dictation and Abuse of Administrative power.

2.5.           2.5. Ombudsman Lokpal and Lokayukta

3.1.        3.1.    Nature extent and limitation of Administrative action in India. Judicial control over Administrative action- remedies for Administrative wrongs, Writs Remedies.

3.2.         3.2.   Limits of Judicial review-Locus standi and PIL- Laches-Resjudicata and Doctrine of exhaustion of alternative remedies – Doctrine of Standing and Doctrine of Ripeness

3.3.         3.3.   Statutory Remedies – General and Specific statutory remedies for administrative action.

3.4.         3.4.   Administrative process- judicial control- Liabilities and   accountabilities of the states- Administrative Tribunals

4.1.       Governmental Privileges- withholding of documents and evidence-Official Secrets Act,1923. Rebuttal of governmental privileges

4.2.       Governmental Privileges position in England and India.  Right to Information Act, 2005. 2019 amendment to RTI Act.

4.3.       Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation and its constitutional dimensions and limitations. Public utility services.

4.4.       Nature and Extent of Doctrine of proportionality and wednesbury principle.

4.5      Doctrine of Public Accountability.

5.1.       Constitutional protection of civil servants, need for protection of civil servants. Lacunae in the protection.

5.2.       Terms and condition of service, tenure of office – the doctrine of pleasure its extent and limitations and exceptions, Administrative Adjudication –Exclusion clause and Administrative Tribunals and Special Court Act – 1979.

5.3.       Nature, Constitution and powers of Public Undertakings and control over them. 

5.4.       Privatization of public corporations and its impact in India on concept of state.

1.        Basu, Durga Das, Administrative Law.

2.        De Smith - Judicial Review of Administrative Action, 6^{th Revised} Edition 2006, Sweet and Maxwell Publication.

3.        Garner’s – Administrative Law, 8^th Edition 1996, Oxford University press

4.        H.W.R. Wade and C.F. Forsyth - Administrative Law, 10^th Edition 2009, Publication-Oxford University Press,New York.

5.        I. P. Massey - Administrative Law, 7^th Edition 2008. Publication-Eastern Book Company, Luck now.

6.        Jain, M.P., Cases and Materials on Indian Administrative Law, Nagpur: Lexis Nexis, India.

7.        M. P. Jain & S. N. Jain, Principles of Administrative Law, Nagpur: Lexis Nexis, India, 2010.

8.        Richard J Pierce & Kenneth Culp Davis, Administrative Law treatise

9.        S. P. Sathe - Administrative Law, 7^th Edition 2006. Lexis Nexis, Butterworth’s Publication.

10.    Subba Rao, G C V, Administrative law

1.      Ajoy P.B., Administrative Action and the Doctrine of Proportionality in India, http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol1-issue6/D0161623.pdf

2.      Justice MarkandeyKatju., Administrative law and judicial review of administrative action, http://www.ebcindia.com/lawyer/articles/2005_8_25.htm

3.      Anupa V. Thapliyal, Central Administrative Tribunals and Their Power to Issue Directions, Orders or Writs Under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution, http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/92v4a4.htm

4.      ShubhamManojKhare, Administrative Discretion & Limitation on Administrative Discretion By Article 14 & 16 of the Indian Constitution, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1465519

5.      D.Y.Chandrachud,Constitutional and Administrative Law in India, http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1142&context=ijli

6.      Prof. S.S. Vishweshwaraiah, Emerging Trends In Administrative Law, http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/P3/CIP71/5.pdf

7.      A. T. Markose, ‘Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India. A Study in Methods.’http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1337434.pdf?acceptTC=true

8.      Y Pardhasaradhi, Ravinder Kaur, Administrative Reforms for Good Governance, http://socialsciences.in/article/administrative-reforms-good-governance

9.      162^nd Report of the Law Commission on Central Administrative Tribunal, http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/101-169/report162.pdf

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                  – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

                                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

CIA 1 shall be an assignment on selected topics.

CIA 3 shall be a research paper.

Public Policy and Development course broadly consist of 5 units to emphasise on importance of Public Policy in a democratic republic. Unit 1 Deals with nature, scope, definition, policy advocacy and goals of public policy; Unit 2 Focuses on the health care policy and its evaluation; Unit 3 Explains energy and environmental policies and their evaluation; Unit 4 Spells out the education policy and its working; Unit 5 Illustrates the economic and industries  in the era of globalisation.

This course aims to:

Ø  Provide the students with a conceptual understanding of public policy and development;

Ø  Explain the students about the working of the actors, institutions, and processes of public policy-making in India;

Ø  Develop in the students the analytical tools necessary to think critically about matters associated with the making and implementation of Indian public policy;

Ø  Provide the students with an understanding of health care policy;

Ø  Impart the students with an overview of energy and environment policy;

Ø  Equip the students with understanding of education policy in India; and

Ø  Enhance the understanding of the students about economic and industrial policy in the perspective of globalisation 

1.1.       Significance of policy making & implications on society

1.2.       Policy making process – formulation, adoption implementation and evaluation, Indicators for determining Issues (how widespread a problem, How troublesome, How long a problem, Costliness of the problem, What if the issue is kept off  Public agenda) formulation, adoption implementation and evaluation- [Does the Policy make sense(Quantitative approach and qualitative approach)]

1.3.       Policy Advocacy- Surveying Policy making Landscape(Public officials, Mass Media, Interest Groups, Political Parties, Bureaucracy, Citizens as Individuals and in Small groups, Agenda building In Perspective)

1.4.       Goals underlying policy making - Equity, Efficiency, Welfare, Liberty and Security Means and methods of implementation-( Executive as Implementation Agents, Requirements for Implementation, Conditions for discouraging Implementation, Bureaucrats as Public Policy makers)

1.5.       Domestic Policy v Foreign Policy

2.1. Public Health Policy – Constitutional and statutory basis

2.2. Coverage of policy – Universal or selective

2.3. Medicare and Medicaid

2.4. Law and public health policy

2.5. Policy reform and evaluation

3.1.Energy Policy – formulation and implementation

3.2. Energy crisis and protection of Natural resources

3.3. Environmental Policy – Elements, Concept of Development Sustainable development, Brundtland Report on Sustainable Development, Policy Initiatives of the State for development-Urban/Rural Development-73 and 74 Constitutional Amendments.

3.4. Normative structure of environmental policy

3.5. Institutional functions of implementation of Environment policy

4.1. Elements of Education Policy 

4.2. Right to education – scope and content

4.3. Adult education and women’s education

4.4. The Right to Education Act – An Appraisal

4.5. Commercialization of education: causes and consequences

5.1. Globalization and economic policy

5.2. Globalization and industrial policy

5.3. International Trade Policies and their impact on domestic policies

5.4. Legislative response to economic and trade policy

5.5. Judicial role in evaluation of economic and industrial policies.

5.6. Foreign Direct Investment Policy

5.7. Information Technology Policy

2.      J.E. Anderson, Public Policy  Making, Boston Houghton Miffin1990

3.      Michael E. Craft and Scott. R. Furlong., “ Public Policy – Politics analysis and alternatives”

4.      P.H. Applebey, Policy& Administration, Alabama Univ.Press1957

5.      Pankaja  P B, Industrial Policies in India, CLJ

6.      R.K. Sapru, Public Policy, Delhi Sterling 1994

7.      S.S. Nagel, Policy Theory and Policy Evaluation, Concepts Knowledge, Causes & Norms, Delhi, Greenwood Press 1990

8.      T.D. Dror, Understanding Public Policy Englewood’s Cliffs NJ Prentice hall,1984

9.      W. Dunn, Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction, Englewood’s Cliffs NJ Prentice hall, 1984

2.      J.E. Anderson, Public Policy  Making, Boston Houghton Miffin1990

3.      Michael E. Craft and Scott. R. Furlong., “ Public Policy – Politics analysis and alternatives”

4.      P.H. Applebey, Policy& Administration, Alabama Univ.Press1957

5.      Pankaja  P B, Industrial Policies in India, CLJ

6.      R.K. Sapru, Public Policy, Delhi Sterling 1994

7.      S.S. Nagel, Policy Theory and Policy Evaluation, Concepts Knowledge, Causes & Norms, Delhi, Greenwood Press 1990

8.      T.D. Dror, Understanding Public Policy Englewood’s Cliffs NJ Prentice hall,1984

9.      W. Dunn, Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction, Englewood’s Cliffs NJ Prentice hall, 1984

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                     25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                         10%

·         Attendance                                                                                05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                     50%

                                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

The course aims at understanding the various jurisprudential theories and concepts, the basics of law and economics and also to hone their soft skills in order to enhance their capacities to build a strong foundation for the study of Master of Law course.

Course Objectives:

• To give an insight into the nature, purpose, role of law in the society and the various perspectives and critique of law.
• To give an overview of the nature of judicial process and precedent in English law.
• To familiarise the students with the basics of law and economics and legal research.
•  To focus on developing various soft skills required for the legal profession.

1.1           Nature of Jurisprudence

1.2        Schools of Jurisprudence-Natural law, Positivism, Pure science of law, Historical, Sociological, Realism, teleological school

1.3           Evolution and definition of law

1.4            Sources of Law

1.5           The Technique of the law-Classification, Titles, Acts, Events

1.6           Public Law-Law and the State, Criminal law

1.7           The concept of Legal Personality

1.8           Rights  and Duties

1.9           The Concept of Property

1.10       Possession and Ownership

1.11       Law of Procedure

2.1  Laws, commands and Orders

2.2  The variety of Laws

2.3  Sovereign and subject

2.4  Law as the Union of Primary and Secondary Rules

2.5  The foundations of a Legal system

2.6  Formalism and Rule Skepticism

2.7  Justice and Morality

2.8  International Law

3.1  Introduction

3.2  Model Rules I and II

3.3  Hard cases, Constitutional Case

3.4   Justice and Rights

3.5  Taking Rights seriously

3.6  Civil Disobedience

3.7  Reverse discrimination

3.8  Liberty and Moralism; Liberty and Liberalism

4.1  Introduction-The Method of Philosophy

4.2  The Methods of History, Tradition and Sociology

4.3  The Method of Sociology, The Judge as a Legislator

4.4  Adherence to Precedent- The Subconscious element in the Judicial Process

5.1  The English Doctrine of Precedent

5.2  Ratio Decendi and Obiter Dictum

5.3  Stare decisis and exceptions to stare decisis

5.4  Precedent as a source of law; Precedent and Judicial Reasoning; Precedent and legal theory

6.1. Basics of Law and Economics

7.1. Public speaking

7.2. Communication skills-Reading and writing

8.1. Basics of legal research

This course intends to enhance the legal research skills among students. Students would be able to appreciate the nuances of legal research by discussions outlined in Unit I of the syllabus will deal with Basics of Legal Research. Unit II deals with Major Steps in Legal Research. Unit III deals with Data Collection, Analysis and Interpretation of data. Unit IV deals with Report Writing. Unit V deals with Legal Writing.

The main objective of this course is to acquaint the students of LLM with the scientific method of social science research. This course is expected to provide the knowledge of the technique of selection, collection and interpretation of primary and secondary data in socio-legal research. Emphasis would be laid on practical training in writing and publishing a research paper in this course. 

Learning Outcome: On completion of this UNIT students will be able to understand the basics of research, kinds of research and scientific methods.

1.1.Definition, Meaning, objectives of legal research

1.2. Characteristics of scientific method – applicability of scientific method

1.1.     Kinds of Research

1.2.     Concepts and constructs-relationship between theory and fact

1.3   Kinds of Research

1.4  Concepts and constructs-relationship between theory and fact

1.5 Induction and Deduction method in scientifc research

Learning Outcome: On completion of this UNIT students will be able to understand the major steps involve in conducting a legal research.

2.1 Research problem – Identifying and defining the research problem, Steps in problem formulation, significance and rationale of study.

2.2 Review of Literature- Identification of research gaps, significance of literature rereview and steps involved in review of literature.

2.3 – Formulation of research objectives.

2.4 Hypothesis – Meaning, importance, characteristics, sources, types and formulation of hypothesis.

2.5 Research design- Meaning, significance and types of research design.

3.1.         

Learning Outcome: On completion of this UNIT students will be able to write a report and know the different Citation methods commonly used in research and publication.

4.1 Research Report writing- Meaning and Significance

4.2 Steps in research report writing – contents and criteria of good legal research report.

4.3 Citation methods – Foot notes, endnotes, references, bibliography, OSCOLA and Bluebook.

4.4 Reference tools for research publication – Mendley and Zotero.

4.5 Academic Intgrity.

Learning Outcome: On completion of this UNIT students will be able to understand the Foundations of writing and how to write a case comment and book review.

5.1         Foundations of writing.

5.2         Transmittal letter, client opinion letter and e-mail correspondence.

5.3     Article writing, Book Review and case comments.

5.4     Legislative research and legislative drafting and preparation of draft bill.

5.5     Proposal writing.

1.             Amy E Sloan, Basic Method Research – Tools and Materials

2.             Baxi, Upendra, ‘Socio-Legal Research in India–A Program Schriff, ICSSR, Occasional Monograph, 1975.

3.             Carol M Bast, Foundations of Legal Research and Writing

4.             Cohen, Morris L., ‘Legal Research’, Minnesota, West Publishing Co. 1985.

5.             Dawson, Catherine, 2002, Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS

6.             Erwin C. Surrency, B.Fielf and J. Crea, A Guide to Legal Research (1959)

7.             Ghosh, B.N., ‘Scientific Method and Social Research’, New Delhi, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1984.

8.             Goode and Hatt, ‘Methods in Social Research’, Singapore, Mc. Graw Hill Book Co., 1985 (reprint).

9.             H.M.Hyman, Interviewing in Social Research (1965)

10.         Harvard Law Review Association, Uniform System of Citations.

11.         High Brayal, Nigel Dunean and Richard Crimes, Clinical Legal Education: Active Learning in your Law School, (1998) Blackstone Press Limited,London.

12.         ILI Publication, Legal Research and Methodology

13.         Johari J.C. (ed.), ‘Introduction to the Method of Social Sciences’, New Delhi, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 1988.

14.         Kothari C.K., ‘Research Methodology: Method and Techniques’, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1980.

15.         Kothari, C.R., 1985, Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Limited.

16.         Kumar, Ranjit, 2005, Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, (2nd.ed.), Singapore, Pearson Education.

17.         Whitney, F.L, The elements of Research.

18.         Legal Research Methodology Indian Case Laws, www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/india_legal_research.htm

19.         M.O.Price, H.Bitner and Bysiewiez, Effective Legal Research (1978)

20.         Morris L. Cohan, Legal Research in Nutshell, (1996), West Publishing Co.

21.         N.R. MadhavaMenon, (ed.) A Handbook of Clinical Legal Education, (1998) Eastern Book Company, Luck now.

22.         Ne, The art of Asking Question (1965)

23.         Pauline V. Young, Scientific Social Survey and Research, (1962)

24.         Payne, The Art of Asking Questions (1965)

25.         S.K. Verma and M. Afzal Wani (Eds.) Legal Research and Methodology, Indian Law Institute (2001) 2^nd Edition.

26.         S.K.Agrawal (Ed.), Legal Education in India (1973), Tripathi, Bombay.

27.         Stone, Julius, ‘Legal System and Lawyer’s Reasoning’, Sydney, Maitland Publications, 1968.

28.         William J. Grade and Paul K. Hatt, Methods in School Research, McGraw-Hill Book Company London.

29.         Dr. Tewari H N, Legal Research Methodology

30.         Ranjit Kumar Research methodology: a step by-self guide for beginners

31.         Krishna Swami O R Methodology of research in social sciences

32.         Dr. Tewari H N Legal Research Methodology

33.         Joseph Gibaldi MLA handbook for writers of research papers

34.         Myneni S R Legal research methodology

35.         AnwarulYagin Legal research and writing methods

1.    High Brayal, Nigel Dunean and Richard Crimes, Clinical Legal Education: Active Learning in your Law School, (1998) Blackstone Press Limited, London
2. Legal Research Methodology Indian Case Laws-www.indiancaselaws.wordpress.com
3.   N.R. Madhava Menon, (ed) A Handbook of Clinical Legal Education, (1998) Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.     M.O.Price, H.Bitner and Bysiewiez, Effective Legal Research (1978)
4. Pauline V. Young, Scientific Social Survey and Research, (1962)
5.   William J. Grade and Paul K. Hatt, Methods in Social Research, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, London
6.  H.M.Hyman, Interviewing in Social Research (1965)
7. Payne, The Art of Asking Questions (1965)
8. Erwin C. Surrency, B.Fielf and J. Crea, A Guide to Legal Research (1959)
9. Morris L. Cohan, Legal Research in Nutshell, (1996), West Publishing Co.
10.  Havard Law Review Association, Uniform System of Citations.
11. ILI Publication, Legal Research and Methodology
12.  S.K.Agrawal (Ed.), Legal Education in India (1973), Tripathi, Bombay.

 ·        

CIA 1 – Submission of Survey             20%

of Literature Review     

CIA II – Mid Semester Exam               20%

CIA III – Completed Coursera             15%

Certificate        

End Semester Exam                              30%

(Publication of research

Paper in UGC care

Listed Journals)

Viva                                                       10%

Attendance                                             05%

Total                                                     100%

Description: It is said that we are now living in a global neighborhood, which is not yet global village.  This is the result of the so called “globalization” which refers to those processes that tend to create and consolidate a unified economy, a single ecological system, and a complex network of communications that covers the whole globe, even if it does not penetrate into every part of it.  We find in every discipline studies under the titles global, globalism and globalization but not much in the discipline of law and now it is entering it also.  The process of globalization has its own impact on every discipline and this paper or course intends to study its influence on the discipline of law. The purpose is to sensitize students of law about implications of the process of globalization on basic principles, concepts and ideas underlying the discipline of law. To name a few the concept of law itself, justice, human rights and legal process.  The thrust is to analyze and evaluate them from a global perspective.

Objective: The Course aims at providing an understanding of the concept of globalization and it's impact on contemporary society and legal theory. In addition the course seeks to provide a critical perspective of globalization and its impact on issues like human rights, justice, democracy et. al.

At the end of course the students will be able to:

1. Identify and explain the nature of globalisation and its impact on the developments of law and legal theory;

2. Analyse the various issues like human rights, sovereignty of nation-state, legitimacy of international law in the wake of globalisation; 

3. Develop a critical understanding about globalisation vis-a-vis various global issues as well as various theories of justice.

1.1.Concept of Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization, Meaning and definition of globalization, nature, scope and limits of globalization,   Different kinds.

1.2.History and evolution of globalization.

1.3.Causes and consequence of globalization, effect of globalization on economic, social, cultural and political aspects of life in twenty-first century.

1.4.Effect of globalization on law and justice - An introduction

2.1   Jurisprudence, globalization and the discipline of law

2.2   Globalization and legal theory, the need for the study of concept of law from a global perspective.

2.3   Basic concepts of law in western legal thought.  A brief analysis of positivist, normative and   realist theories of law in western tradition.

2.4. The concept of justice and its relation to law in Western and Indian Legal thought and    concept of Dharma as a legal tradition.  The relation between law and justice.

2.5. Normative Jurisprudence, the western heritage, classical utilitarianism, Benthamite and modified Benthamite utilitarianism.

2.6. Theories of Justice Rawls and Pogge.

3.1. Globalization and Democracy

3.2. Rule of Law-economic development-political development

3.3. Globalization and Justice

3.4. Globalization and Security

4.1. Human rights Theory and  Perspectives

4.2. Human Rights law as universal-criticism and rhetoric or Rights

4.3. Human Rights and the challenges-pluralist theories and Sen’s challenge

4.4. Human Rights and Southern voice - Upendra Baxi.

5.1. Public and Private International Law governance

5.2. Regulation of International banks and money laundering

5.3. Harmonization of private commercial law-lex mercatoria

5.4. Harmonization of Intellectual Property law

5.5. Jurisdictional Issues in the era of globalization.

1.      Jan Aart Scholte, Globalization – A critical introduction

2.      Jarrod Wiener – Globalization and the harmonization of law

3.      Michael Goodhart – Democracy as Human Rights – Freedom  and Equality in the age of Globalization

4.      James H Mitelman, The Globalization Syndrome

5.      Manfred B. Steger, Globalization –A very Short introduction-Oxford introductory series.

6.      Thomas Fleiner & Lidija R. Basta Fleiner, Constitutional democracy in a multicultural and globalised world, Springer.

7.      William Twining, General Jurisprudence; Understanding Law from a Legal perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University, 2009

8.      William Twining, Globalization and Legal Theory, New York: Butterworths, 2006.

9.      Boaventura d Sousa Santos, Towards a New Legal Common Sense: Law, Globalization and Emanicipation, London: Butterworths, 2002.

10.  Otto A Bird, The Idea of Justice, New York: Frederick A Praeger, 1968

11.  M.D.A. Freeman, Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, London: Sweet and Maxwell, 2010

12.  Amartya Sen, The idea of Justice, New Delhi: Allen Lane, 2009.

13.  Upendra Baxi, The Future of Human Rights, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006.

14.  Thomas Pogge, Global Justice, Oxford: Blackwell, 2001

15.  B.S. Santos and Cesar A. Rodriquez-Gravito (ed.,) Law and Globalization from below: Towards a Cosmopolitan Legality, New York Cambridge University Press, 2005.

2. William Twining, Globalization and Legal Theory, New York: Butterworths, 2006

3. Boaventura d Sousa Santos, Towards a New Legal Common Sense: Law, Globalization and Emanicipation, London: Butterworths, 2002.

4.  Thomas Pogge, Global Justice, Oxford: Blackwell, 2001

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                  – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                  – 50%

                                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

Media often referred to as the fourth estate plays an important role in creating and moulding public opinion and strengthening of society. A free and an independent press is a sine qua non in a democratic form of government. It acts as a watch dog and maintains checks and balances the relationship between the State and its citizens. The study of media law is very important for students of law as it gives them an insight into the legal, ethical and regulatory framework governing media in India. With the developments in the field of information and communication technologies many issues and challenges are coming to thefore. The course is designed to give an insight into the various facets of media and examines the legal and regulatory framework governing media in India. The course also focuses on the contemporary developments in the field and delves into the issues and challenges posed thereto. Ethics of the press and journalistic integrity will also be dealt with.

The course is divided into six units.

Unit-1 deals with the different aspects of the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression with special emphasis on the freedom of the Press and the restrictions in relation thereto.

Unit -2 focuses on the law relating to Defamation. Further, internet as a platform of free speech, regulation of content on the internet and the regulation of the same has been dealt with under this unit.

Unit-3 focuses on the interface between the freedom of the media and the privacy rights.

   Unit-4 deals with the conceptual as well as statutory provisions pertaining to media ethics and allied aspects.

Unit-5-deals with digital media regulations

Unit6- deals with Licensing and transfer of rights in media and entertainment.

By the end of the course the student should be able:

1.      To understand the concept of Media, types and theories of mass media.

2.      To trace the historical background of regulation of Press and broadcasting in India.

3.      To understand the Constitutional framework impinging upon the fundamental rights to freedom of Speech and expression in India with special reference to freedom of the press and the fundamental right to privacy.

4.      To summarise and evaluate the latest developments in the field of media law.

5.      To interpret the issues and analyse the principles laid down in the cases in the field of Media law.

6.      To acquaint the students with the importance and necessity of media ethics and develop and appreciate journalistic integrity.

7.      To understand the legal, ethical and regulatory framework governing media in India.

8.    To impart research and analytical skills in the area of media law.

Learning Outcome: At the end of this UNIT students will be able to appreciate the Philosophical justification for the protection of Free speech right.  Further students will be familiarized with freedom of media and allied aspects.

1.1.Concept of Mass Media; types of Mass Media- Press, Radio, Television, films; social media; theories of  mass media;  Ownership patterns; Role of mass media in law making; Impact of films as visual media – censorship of films – judicial view on film censorship

1.2. Freedom of Speech & expression- Introduction to the right to freedom of speech and expression ; facets of free speech

1.3. Constitutional guarantee for Free Press

1.4. Reasonable restrictions on Free speech

1.5. Freedom of speech as a human right  under various International instruments

1.6. Freedom of  Information v. Free speech

1.7.Commercial Speech; statutory regulation of advertisement

1.8 Internet as a platform of free speech

   Learning Outcome:

At the end of this UNIT the student will be familiar with the fundamental aspects of protection of reputation.

2.Protection of Reputation

2.1. Defamation-Meaning; defamation as Tort and Crime; Distinction between Libel and slander

2.2. Essential Ingredients of Defamation

2.3. Defenses to an action for defamation-Justification by truth; fair comment; privileges-Absolute privilege; Qualified privilege

2.4 Remedies for Defamation

2.5.  Defamation as Crime-IPC provisions

2.6. Online defamation-libel and slander in cyberspace; cross border libel/slander-jurisdictional problems-Gutnick v. John Doe

2.7. Hate speech- legal provisions, regulation and control

          Learning Outcome:

At the end of this UNIT students would be in a position to appreciate the interface between the freedom of media and privacy rights

3.1. Obscenity and pornography  – historical background - Hicklin  Test – contemporary standards in Miller   v California - Child pornograph

3.2. Blasphemy – historical overview- censorship of stage productions – violence - legal regulation of blasphem

3.3. Privacy – historical development of private and confidential information – media practices and human rights – photo journalism in public places – child right to privacy

3.4.  Information privacy and reputation -  personal data protection – abuse of personal information – marketing of personal information- internet privacy

3.5.Press and Public access to the judicial processes , records, places and meetings – Right to Information Act.

3.6. The role of media as a vigilante- Sting Operations 

 Learning Outcome:

This UNIT enables the students to understand the requisite conceptual as well as statutory provisions pertaining to media, ethics and adjudication.

4.1. Copyright issues in mass media – protection for copyrighted work – plagiarism –  pirated music -  remedies for infringement

4.2. Media and Courts - Report of legal proceedings – trail by media –  sensitive court  reporting  and  human rights contempt of court – procedure and punishment

4.3. Emerging Trends--Paid News;  Fake News-Freedom v. Regulation;  Fake News-  International Perspective.

4.4. Ethical dilemmas, issues and concerns in mass communication – foundation of ethics- different aspects of journalism’s ethical issues- Reporters privileges and protection of media source

4.5. Extra- judicial regulation of media content – press complaints and editors’ code of practice –Broadcasting standards commission – codes for advertisement standards – Film censorship board – ICANN

Unit: 5 Digital Media Regulations                                                                                      10 Hrs.

 5.1.Regulation of digital media, including social media platforms, e-commerce websites, and other online content providers 

5.2.Intermediary liability, online defamation, privacy, and data protection

 5.3.Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 

5.4. Impact of Intermediary Guidelines, 2021 on news and current affairs content on online platforms, as well as on films and audio-visual programs made available by online content providers 

5.5.Case studies – Digital News Publishers Association, Press Trust of India, Twitter, WhatsApp, and films and shows impacted by the Intermediary Guidelines, 2021.

6.1.Licensing vs. Assignment under copyright law 

6.2.How licensing agreements are structured – key clauses – subject matter of license, restrictions, reservation of rights, territory, duration, indemnity, etc. 6.3.Different purposes for acquisition of content, media by news channels, entertainment companies, artists – importance of ensuring a valid chain of rights 

6.4.Importance of negotiation in licensing deals – protecting client’s interests in contracts 6.5.Case studies – understanding the principles of interpretation, breach, and remedies in license agreements and the role of the courts in resolving these disputes.

1.      Ursula Smartt, Media and Entertainment Law, Routledge

2.      Roy L Moore, Mass communication Law and Ethics

3.      Perry Keller, European and International Media Law, Oxford

4.      Sallie Spilsbury, Media Law, Cavendish

5.      Frank Leishmann, Policing and the Media, Lawman

6.      Roger L Sadler, Electronic Media Law, Sage

7.      Sebastian Paul, Forbidden Zones; law and media

8.      Jaya Patil, Mass media: support for rural development

9.      Wayne Overbeck, Major principles of media law.

·         CIA I – Class Test / Assignment / Presentation            – 10%

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                  – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

                                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

The   matters   relating   to   medicine   and   health   are   as   ancient   as human   civilization   itself,   giving   rise   to   many   legal   and   moral issues   of   varying   degree   at   different   stages   of   advancement   in the   sphere   of   medical   science.    The   advancement   in   the   field   of medical   technology,   though   a   boon   to   the   mankind,   has   its own flip   side.   The   invention   of   pre-natal   diagnostic   techniques, transplantation   of   human   organs,   assisted   reproduction techniques   and   other   medical   procedures   have   forced   new   legal challenges.   Medicine   and   health   are   inter-related   aspects. Administration   of   treatment   is   a   joint   endeavour   of   doctors, para-medical   staff,   state   and   private   agencies,   which   calls   for effective   legal   control   to   protect   the   interest   of   medical   and para-medical   professionals   as   well   as   the   patients.  In the light of the above the course is designed and divided  into eight units and the description of each unit in brief is as follows:

Unit 1 deals with concept of right to health and interrelationship between law and medicine and various issues connected to it.

Unit 2 focuses on the legal framework relating to medicine and health.

Unit 3 describes the legal framework relating to Drugs and Cosmetics.

Unit 4 discusses the laws relating to reproductive health.

Unit 5 explains the right to health of special categories of people, mental health and laws pertaining

to it.

Unit 6 explains and examines the modern development relating to health law.

The objective of this course is:

• to impart the students with the knowledge of the relation between law and medicine with special emphasis on legal and moral issues surrounding the administration of treatment and performance of medical procedures in the backdrop of advancement in the sphere of medical technology.

• to explain the legal framework relating to health and medicine

• to elucidate the right to reproductive health and connected issues

• to spell out the medico-legal aspect of law

• to illustrate the concept of disability and the legal framework thereof

• to explain the right to health 

• to explain the concept of insanity and mental health

1.1. Health Law – Meaning and scope;

1.2. Interplay between Law and Medicine;

1.3. Right to health and its enforcement, WHO & international conventions on health laws;

1.4. Health care administration in India;

1.5. Globalization and the changing dimensions of health laws;

1.6. Climate change and health;

1.7. Forensic medicine – the significance of forensic medicine;

1.8. Hippocratic Oath

2.1. Policy framework for the right to health,

2.2 NRHM, Universal health insurance scheme,

2.3 The National Medical Commission Act, 2019,

2.4 Dentists Act, 1948 – Medical Degrees Act, 1916,

2.5 Clinical Establishments (Registration & Regulation) Act, 2010;

2.6 The Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970

3.1. Legal control of drugs and cosmetics

3.2 Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules,

3.3 Product liability for defective medicine – contractual liability, tortuous liability, liabilities under the English and Indian Consumer Protection Acts, English Medicines Act.

4.1. Reproductive health- Termination of Pregnancy

4.2 Legal issues; The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971;Medical Termination of Pregnancy Rules, 2003; Medial Termination of Pregnancy Regulations 2003; 4.3 Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 - Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Rules 1990.

5.1. Disabled people: Locomotor disability, hearing impaired, visually impaired, aged people,

people suffering from infectious diseases e.g. HIV/ AIDS; Swine flu etc.

5.2. People suffering from occupational diseases, People subjected to Clinical trial.

5.3. Legal protection of mentally ill persons with special reference to Mental Health Act

6.1. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic research;

6.2. Stem cell research;

6.3. Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994; Transplantation of Human Organs

Rules, 1995;

6.4. Bio-ethics; Medical ethics;

6.5. Liability of Doctors for negligence;

2.      Chaudhri, V. K. Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Allahabad: Dwivedi Law Agency, 2007.

3.      Dogra, T. D., and Rudra, AbhijitLyon's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. New Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2005.

4.      Herring, Jonathan. Medical Law and Ethics. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

5.      Jackson, Emily. Medical Law. 2^nd ed. London: Oxford University, Press, 2010.

6.      Kannan, Justice; Mathiharan.Dr. K. A. Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Nagpur: LexisNexis Butterworth Wadhwa, (1920).

7.      Lewis, Charles. Clinical Negligence: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Haywards Heath: Tottel, 2006.

8.      Mason, J. K., et al. Mason &Mccall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

9.      McLean, Sheila. Contemporary Issues in Law, Medicine and Ethics. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996.

10.  Miola, José. Medical Ethics and Medical Law: A Symbiotic Relationship. Oxford: Hart, 2007.

11.  Morgan, Derek. Issues in Medical Law and Ethics. London: Cavendish, 2001.

12.  Patnaik, Amrit K., and Mathiharan, K. (Eds). Modi's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Nagpur: LexisNexis Butterworths., 2005.

13.  Pattinson, Shaun D. Medical Law and Ethics. 2^nd Ed. London: Sweet &Maxwell; Thomson Reuters, 2009.

14.  Plomer, Aurora. The Law and Ethics of Medical Research: International Bioethics and Human Rights. London: Cavendish, 2004.

15.  Powers, Michael J., and Nigel H. Harris. Clinical Negligence. 3rd ed. London: Edinburgh; Dublin: Butterworths, 2000.

16.  Thomson. Medical Law and Ethics (Law Library). Sweet &Maxwel, 2006.

17. Veitch, Kenneth. The Jurisdiction of Medical Law. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

2.      Chaudhri, V. K. Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Allahabad: Dwivedi Law Agency, 2007.

3.      Dogra, T. D., and Rudra, AbhijitLyon's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. New Delhi: Delhi Law House, 2005.

4.      Herring, Jonathan. Medical Law and Ethics. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

5.      Jackson, Emily. Medical Law. 2^nd ed. London: Oxford University, Press, 2010.

6.      Kannan, Justice; Mathiharan.Dr. K. A. Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Nagpur: LexisNexis Butterworth Wadhwa, (1920).

7.      Lewis, Charles. Clinical Negligence: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Haywards Heath: Tottel, 2006.

8.      Mason, J. K., et al. Mason &Mccall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

9.      McLean, Sheila. Contemporary Issues in Law, Medicine and Ethics. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996.

10.  Miola, José. Medical Ethics and Medical Law: A Symbiotic Relationship. Oxford: Hart, 2007.

11.  Morgan, Derek. Issues in Medical Law and Ethics. London: Cavendish, 2001.

12.  Patnaik, Amrit K., and Mathiharan, K. (Eds). Modi's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Nagpur: LexisNexis Butterworths., 2005.

13.  Pattinson, Shaun D. Medical Law and Ethics. 2^nd Ed. London: Sweet &Maxwell; Thomson Reuters, 2009.

14.  Plomer, Aurora. The Law and Ethics of Medical Research: International Bioethics and Human Rights. London: Cavendish, 2004.

15.  Powers, Michael J., and Nigel H. Harris. Clinical Negligence. 3rd ed. London: Edinburgh; Dublin: Butterworths, 2000.

16.  Thomson. Medical Law and Ethics (Law Library). Sweet &Maxwel, 2006.

17. Veitch, Kenneth. The Jurisdiction of Medical Law. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                  – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

                                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

COURSE DESCRIPTION

With the introduction of the Constitution Seventy third and Seventy fourth amendments, India is moving towards the ideal of direct democracy endowing the local bodies with powers of administration in matters of regional and local importance. This change has added new vistas of Indian democracy and it offers an opportunity to translate the Gandhian concept of Gram Swaraj into practice. Necessarily, a person specializing in administrative law has to be equipped with the knowledge on the working of early systems, the present constitutional scheme, and the legislative powers of the State transferring responsibility to local bodies and on the increasing regulatory and financial powers of the local bodies. The nature of the democratic functioning of these elected bodies and the scope of administrative control as well of the judicial control over them are challenging areas for students of administrative law to evaluate and help formulation of new and pragmatic working methods.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

• To give an insight into the introductory aspects, the historical and philosophical background of the Local Self-Government.
• To familiarise the students about the Constitutional scheme for the Local Self-Government.
• To familiarise the students about the structure, powers and functions of the rural Local Self-Government.
• To give the students an understading about the structure, powers and functions of the Urban Local Self-Government.
• To address the issues of decentralization and grass root planning of the Local Self Government.
• To give an insight into the modern dimensions of Local Self Government.

Learning outcome: This UNIT aims at giving the students an insight into the introductory aspects, the historical and philosophical background for the local self –Government.

1.1. Meaning and genesis of democratic decentralization

1.2. History, Growth and Development of Panchayati Raj in India-Lord Rippon’s resolution, Royal commission, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee Report

1.3. Gram Swaraj: Gandhian Concept

1.4. Community Development Programme

1.5. Administrative framework

Learning outcome: This UNIT will familiarize the student about the Constitutional scheme for the local self-government.

2.1. Federalism in India and Local Self Government

2.2. Directive Principles of State Policy - Art. 40

2.3. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments

2.4. Schedules XI and XII of the Constitution

2.5. Second Administrative Reforms Commission

2.6. Sarkaria Commission, Punchi Commission and Local Governments

Learning outcome: This UNIT aims at familiarizing the students about the structure, powers and functions of the  rural local self government.

3.1. Gram Sabha- Meaning, importance, functions, meetings, Social Audit, Nyaya                panchayat

3.2. Gram Panchayat-Introduction, composition, functions, Sarpanch, Powers and functions of Sarpanch

3.3. Taluk/Block Panchayat-Introduction, Composition, functions, Chairman-powers and functions

3.4.  Zilla Panchayat-Introduction, composition, functions

3.5. Financial administration-devolution of financial powers, Composition of State Finance commission

3.6.  State Control over PRIs

Learning outcome:

This UNIT aims at giving the student an understanding about the structure, powers and functions of the  urban  local self government

4.1. Municiapal Corporation-Organization and functions; Municipal Council; Mayor-functions and powers; committee-wards committees, district planning committee, Metropolitan planning commitee; Municipal Commissioner- appointment, tenure, powers and functions

4.2. Cantonment Boards

4.3. Special purpose urban development agencies

4.4. Municipal Finance

4.5. State control and supervision

Learning outcome: This UNIT aims at addressing the issues of decentralization and grass- root planning of the local self-government.

5.1. Planning for rural development-Planning machinery at the National and State Levels

5.2. Role of Panchayat Raj Institutions in Planning

5.3. Panchayati Raj and Rural Development

Learning outcome: This UNIT will give an insight into the modern dimensions of local self government.

6.1. Panchayats and NGO's

6.2. Panchayati Raj in Tribal Sub-plan Areas

6.3. Right to Information and Panchayati Raj

6.4. Women Empowerment and Panchayati Raj Institutions

6.5. Reservation and Local Governments

6.6.PROGRAMMES OF THE CENTRE & STATE IN PRI’S.

6.6.1. MNREGA: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme.

(MNREGA); Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. (MGNAREGA)

6.6.2. Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana.

6.6.3. Sanitation: Nirmal Bharath Abhiyana.

6.6.4. Suvarna Grama Yojana.

6.6.5. Sarvasikshana Abhiyana.

1.      Davis, Discretionary Justice

2.      De Smith, Judicial Review of Administrative Action (1995)

3.      Dicey, Introduction to the Law of the Constitution,

4.      Friedman, The State and the Rule of Law in a Mixed Economy

5.      Indian Law Institute, Government Regulation of Private

6.      Ivor Jennings, Law and the Constitution

7.      Jain & Jain, Principles of Administrative Law (1986), Tripathi, Bombay

8.      Joshi, R.P., Narwani, G.S., Panchayat Raj in India: Emerging Trends across the States ( Rawat Publications), Hyderabad, 2011

9.      Khanna, B.S: Panchayati Raj in India- National Perspectives and State Studies (Deep and Deep Publications), New Delhi, 1994.

10.  M. Venketarangaiya & M. Pattabhiram, Local Government in India (1969) Allied, New Delhi

11.  Neville L. Brown and J.F. Garner, French Administrative Law

12.  Radhakumud Mookerji, Local Government in Ancient India (1985), Daya Publishing Delhi.

13.  Schwartz & Wade, Legal Control of Government

14.  Sivaramakrishnan, K.C., Courts, Panchayats and Nagapalikas (Academic Foundation), 2009.

15.    W. Thornhill (ed.), the Growth and Reform of English Local Self-government (1971), Weidenfeld and Nierlson, London.

2. Joshi, R.P., Narwani, G.S., Panchayat Raj in India: Emerging Trends across the States ( Rawat Publications), Hyderabad, 2011

3. Khanna, B.S: Panchayati Raj in India- National Perspectives and State Studies (Deep and Deep Publications), New Delhi, 1994.

·         CIA I – Class Test / Assignment / Presentation            – 10%

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                  – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

                                                                                  TOTAL 100%

The course provides an exposure to the students to develop their  writing and presentation skills by presenting a paper on contemporary legal issues and case laws taking stock of the contemporary case law  developments. The course also imparts an experiential learning to the student through participation in legal aid awareness camps in a remote village and to write a report of the experience.  

To implement and evaluate an innovative approach to a law seminar course intended to develop students' presentation skills and encourage them to think critically about contemporary legal issues. Further, the objectives of this course are to enhance verbal and written presentation skills of students and to develop analytical skills as students learn about sides of a contemporary issue in legal practice. The students also enhance their skills in providing peer evaluations Specific School curricular competencies addressed by the course are: (1) maintain professional competence by identifying and analyzing emerging issues; and (2) participate in self-learning and professional development.

1.1.       Abstract writing

1.2.       Learning Objectives

1.3.       Use of Visual aids

Students are required to present on topics of contemporary legal issues

Students are required to present on important case laws

Students are required to organize legal awareness camp

 Further reading according to the topics assigned.

Further reading according to the topics assigned.

Course description: The practical course requires the students to take up teaching assignments in their chosen area of specialisation. The students will be allotted to teachers in the respective subject areas under whose supervision the student will have to prepare the lesson plan and conduct classes. The students will be evaluated on the basis of their preparation and performance in the respective classes. 

Course Objectives : To equip the students to teach UG law students and make them understand art of preparing for the classes.

Preparation of teaching notes, conducting  research for teaching UG students etc.

Students will be assigned a topic from UG courses and they have to prepare and teach the UG students in classroom. Students are required to research and prepare teaching report and notes for the class. Students have to make their presentations before the panel constituted for the purpose before engaging a UG class. Students are required to prepare for the UG class under the guidance of a Teacher. Students have to engage 10 sessions to satisfy the requirement of this course.

This course is designed to test the research prowess of the students and their analytical skills. It is aimed at enabling the students to hone their skills as a researcher that would be of immense help to them in their career.

This subject will help the students to enhance their research, analytical and writing skills.

Students are required to identify a researchable area and prepare a dissertation on the same using legal research methodology. 

2.      Harvard Law Review Association, Uniform System of Citations

Further reading according to the topic of dissertation

2.              ILI Publication, Legal Research and Methodology

3.      Harvard Law Review Association, Uniform System of Citations

3.      Carol M Bast, Foundations of Legal Research and Writing

Further reading according to the topic of dissertation

1.      Research Proposal  -                                    15%

2.      Submission of Progress Report –              15 %

3.      Research Report –                                        60 %

4.      Viva -                                                             10 %

                                                                           TOTAL 100%